EXPRESSION OF GENES OF IODOTHYRONINE DEIODINASES TYPES 1, 2 AND 3, IODOTYROSINE DEIODINASE, THYROID HORMONE RECEPTOR ALPHA AND BETA AND ACETYLTRANSFERASES TYPES 1 AND 2 IN PATIENTS WITH EUTHYROID AND TOXIC GOITER IN THE IRKUTSK REGION

Background. Thyroid gland pathology is the leading endocrine disease. According to modern requirements of a personalized approach to medicine, there is a need to study the expression of genes involved in immunoregulation and biosynthesis of thyroid hormones.

Aim. To study the features of gene expression of iodothyrone deiodinases types 1, 2, and 3, iodotyrosine deiodinase, thyroid hormone receptor alpha and beta, and acetyltransferases types 1 and 2 in thyroid tissue samples from patients operated on for euthyroid and toxic goiter.

Materials and methods. A study included patients living in the Irkutsk region who underwent thyroidectomy for benign thyroid diseases in 2021–2023: 12 patients with diffuse toxic goiter, 9 with multinodular toxic goiter, and 11 with multinodular euthyroid goiter. The expression of genes was studied using the polymerase chain reaction.

Results. Active expression of the iodothyrone deiodinases types 3 and iodotyrosine deiodinase genes was detected in thyroid tissues for the first time. In multinodular toxic goiter, higher iodothyrone deiodinases types 3 expression was detected in patients with the development of postoperative laryngeal paresis (p=0.05). The thyroid gland sizes are consistent with the expression of receptors that determine iodothyronine metabolism: with thyroid hormone receptor beta expression in toxic thyroid gland, and with iodothyrone deiodinases types 1 in euthyroid thyroid gland (p <0.05). Thyroid hormone receptor alpha expression was absent less frequently in multinodular toxic goiter than in diffuse toxic goiter (p=0.005) and multinodular euthyroid goiter (p=0.0003), indicating a relationship between TRα expression and the development of nonimmune thyrotoxicosis. Acetyltransferases types 2 is expressed in all variants of the disease, while acetyltransferases types 1 expression is detected less frequently.

Conclusion.  The study demonstrates the features of gene expression of iodothyrone deiodinases types 1, 2, and 3, iodotyrosine deiodinase, thyroid hormone receptor alpha and beta, and acetyltransferases types 1 and 2 in thyroid tissue samples of patients operated on for euthyroid and toxic goiter. The relationships of individual genes with the features of the disease course and complications are shown.

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