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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bmjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Байкальский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Baikal Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-0715</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Irkutsk State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.57256/2949-0715-2025-4-4-39-50</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bmjour-343</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные статьи</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЭКСПРЕССИЯ ГЕНОВ ЙОДТИРОН-ДЕЙОДИНАЗ 1, 2 И 3 ТИПОВ, ЙОДТИРОЗИН-ДЕЙОДИНАЗЫ, РЕЦЕПТОРА ТИРЕОИДНЫХ ГОРМОНОВ АЛЬФА И БЕТА И АЦЕТИЛТРАНСФЕРАЗ 1 И 2 ТИПА У БОЛЬНЫХ С ЭУТИРЕОИДНЫМ И ТОКСИЧЕСКИМ ЗОБОМ В ИРКУТСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EXPRESSION OF GENES OF IODOTHYRONINE DEIODINASES TYPES 1, 2 AND 3, IODOTYROSINE DEIODINASE, THYROID HORMONE RECEPTOR ALPHA AND BETA AND ACETYLTRANSFERASES TYPES 1 AND 2 IN PATIENTS WITH EUTHYROID AND TOXIC GOITER IN THE IRKUTSK REGION</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2081-8665</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильичева</surname><given-names>Елена Алексеевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyicheva</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующая научным отделом клинической хирургии ИНЦХТ;</p><p>врач-хирург хирургического торакального отделения  ИОКБ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sc. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Research Department of Clinical Surgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lena_isi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5080-9225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родионова</surname><given-names>Любовь Викторовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodionova</surname><given-names>Lyubov V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.б.н., заведующая лабораторией клеточной патофизиологии и биохимии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand.  Sc. (Biol.), Head of the Laboratory of Cell Pathophysiology and Biochemistry</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">greidmacho@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4482-6130</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойлова</surname><given-names>Лилия Григорьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoilova</surname><given-names>Liliya G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник лаборатории клеточной патофизиологии и биохимии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Officer at the Laboratory of Cell Pathophysiology and Biochemistry</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">popovalg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3273-774X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рой</surname><given-names>Татьяна Аркадьевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Roy</surname><given-names>Tatiana A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник научного отдела клинической хирургии</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Junior Research Officer at the Research Department of Clinical Surgery</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">t_roy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-8325</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Берсенев</surname><given-names>Глеб Александрович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bersenev</surname><given-names>Gleb A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ассистент кафедры госпитальной хирургии ИГМУ;</p><p>врач-хирург отделения портальной гипертензии ИОКБ</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), assistant, department of Hospital Surgery;</p><p>surgeon, department of portal hypertension</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">glbersenev17@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии, Иркутск;&#13;
Иркутская ордена «Знак почета» областная клиническая больница, Иркутск</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk ;&#13;
Irkutsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии, Иркутск</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский государственный медицинский университет, Иркутск;&#13;
Иркутская ордена «Знак почета» областная клиническая больница, Ирктуск</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk&#13;
Irkutsk Regional Clinical Hospital, Irkutsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>39</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ильичева Е.А., Родионова Л.В., Самойлова Л.Г., Рой Т.А., Берсенев Г.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ильичева Е.А., Родионова Л.В., Самойлова Л.Г., Рой Т.А., Берсенев Г.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ilyicheva E., Rodionova L., Samoilova L., Roy T., Bersenev G.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bmjour.ru/jour/article/view/343">https://www.bmjour.ru/jour/article/view/343</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Патология щитовидной железы продолжать занимать лидирующую позицию в структуре эндокринных заболеваний. С учетом современных требований персонализированного подхода медицины появляется необходимость исследований экспрессии генов, участвующих в иммунорегуляции и биосинтезе тиреоидных гормонов.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. Изучить особенности экспрессии генов йодтирон-дейодиназ 1, 2 и 3 типов, йодтирозин-дейодиназы, рецептора тиреоидных гормонов альфа и бета и ацетилтрансфераз 1 и 2 типа в образцах ткани щитовидной железы у больных, оперированных по поводу эутиреоидного и токсического зоба.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В одноцентровое исследование включены 32 пациента, проживающие на территории Иркутской области, которые в течение 2021–2023 гг. прооперированы в объеме тиреоидэктомии по поводу доброкачественных заболеваний щитовидной железы: 12 – с диффузным токсическим зобом, 9 – с многоузловым токсическим зобом и 11 – с многоузловым эутиреоидным зобом.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В тканях щитовидной железы выявлена активная экспрессия генов йодтиронин-дейодиназы III типа и йодтирозин-дейодиназы. При многоузловом токсическом зобе более высокая экспрессия йодтиронин-дейодиназы III типа выявляется у больных с развитием послеоперационного пареза гортани (p=0,05). Размеры щитовидной железы при многоузловом эутиреоидном зобе согласуются с экспрессией рецепторов, определяющих метаболизм йодтиронинов: при токсическом – с экспрессией рецептора тиреоидных гормонов бета, при эутиреоидном – с геном йодтиронин-дейодиназы I типа (p &lt;0,05). При многоузловом токсическом зобе экспрессия рецептора тиреоидных гормонов альфа отсутствовала реже, чем при диффузном токсическом зобе (р=0,005) и многоузловом эутиреоидном зобе (p=0,0003), что указывает на взаимосвязь экспрессии рецептора тиреоидных гормонов альфа развитием неимунного тиреотоксикоза. При всех вариантах заболевания экспрессируется ацетилтрансфераза 2 типа, при этом экспрессия ацетилтрансферазы 1 типа выявляется реже.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Исследование демонстрирует особенности экспрессии генов йодтирон-дейодиназ 1, 2 и 3 типов, йодтирозин-дейодиназы, рецептора тиреоидных гормонов альфа и бета и ацетилтрансфераз 1 и 2 типа в образцах ткани щитовидной железы у больных, оперированных по поводу эутиреоидного и токсического зоба. Показаны взаимосвязи отдельных генов с особенностями течения заболевания и осложнениями.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Thyroid gland pathology is the leading endocrine disease. According to modern requirements of a personalized approach to medicine, there is a need to study the expression of genes involved in immunoregulation and biosynthesis of thyroid hormones.</p></sec><sec><title>Aim</title><p>Aim. To study the features of gene expression of iodothyrone deiodinases types 1, 2, and 3, iodotyrosine deiodinase, thyroid hormone receptor alpha and beta, and acetyltransferases types 1 and 2 in thyroid tissue samples from patients operated on for euthyroid and toxic goiter.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. A study included patients living in the Irkutsk region who underwent thyroidectomy for benign thyroid diseases in 2021–2023: 12 patients with diffuse toxic goiter, 9 with multinodular toxic goiter, and 11 with multinodular euthyroid goiter. The expression of genes was studied using the polymerase chain reaction.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Active expression of the iodothyrone deiodinases types 3 and iodotyrosine deiodinase genes was detected in thyroid tissues for the first time. In multinodular toxic goiter, higher iodothyrone deiodinases types 3 expression was detected in patients with the development of postoperative laryngeal paresis (p=0.05). The thyroid gland sizes are consistent with the expression of receptors that determine iodothyronine metabolism: with thyroid hormone receptor beta expression in toxic thyroid gland, and with iodothyrone deiodinases types 1 in euthyroid thyroid gland (p &lt;0.05). Thyroid hormone receptor alpha expression was absent less frequently in multinodular toxic goiter than in diffuse toxic goiter (p=0.005) and multinodular euthyroid goiter (p=0.0003), indicating a relationship between TRα expression and the development of nonimmune thyrotoxicosis. Acetyltransferases types 2 is expressed in all variants of the disease, while acetyltransferases types 1 expression is detected less frequently.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion.  The study demonstrates the features of gene expression of iodothyrone deiodinases types 1, 2, and 3, iodotyrosine deiodinase, thyroid hormone receptor alpha and beta, and acetyltransferases types 1 and 2 in thyroid tissue samples of patients operated on for euthyroid and toxic goiter. The relationships of individual genes with the features of the disease course and complications are shown.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>йодтирон-дейодиназа</kwd><kwd>йодтирозин-дейодиназа</kwd><kwd>рецептор тиреоидных гормонов</kwd><kwd>ацетилтрансфераза</kwd><kwd>доброкачественные заболевания щитовидной железы</kwd><kwd>многоузловой зоб</kwd><kwd>диффузный токсический зоб.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>iodothyrone deiodinase</kwd><kwd>iodotyrosine deiodinase</kwd><kwd>thyroid hormone receptor</kwd><kwd>acetyltransferase</kwd><kwd>benign thyroid diseases</kwd><kwd>multinodular goiter</kwd><kwd>diffuse toxic goiter</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Якубовский С.В., Кондратенко Г.Г., Салко О.Б. и др. 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