FACIAL PAIN: CLINICAL AND ANATOMICAL FEATURES. LECTURE 1 (CLASSIFICATION OF OROFACIAL PAIN, TRIGEMINAL NERVE DAMAGE)

Background. Facial pain, or prosopalgia, is a multifactorial group of diseases of both the central and peripheral nervous systems. The peculiarity of clinical manifestations of facial pain is the complex anatomical and physiological organization of the facial region, characterized by the diversity and branching of nerves, ganglia, vascular bundles, as well as joint and muscular structures.

Pathologic processes in the facial region can have a mixed character, and the neurotic component is often layered on any of their manifestations, which is of great importance in the treatment of prosopalgia of different nature.

As a consequence, facial pain is the subject of study of specialists of different clinical profiles - otorhinolaryngologists, dentists, neurologists, ophthalmologists, psychiatrists.

One of the most common is the pathology of the trigeminal nerve, while various pathogenetic variants of pain can be present: nociceptive, neuropathic or dysfunctional (nociplastic). However, due to the structural and functional features of the face, combinations of different pain phenomena can be observed in one nosological form. Pain manifestations can be realized by various mechanisms: compression-ischemic, inflammatory, mechanical, reflex and somatogenic. Conclusion. Using generalized knowledge of anatomy, physiology and pathology, it is possible to more reasonably use modern diagnostic methods to establish the correct diagnosis, as well as apply treatment methods based on the canons of evidence-based medicine.

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