Scientific biography
Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Head of the Department of Pathological Physiology and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Irkutsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Igor Zhanovich Seminsky
Igor Zhanovich Seminsky graduated with honors from the Faculty of Medicine of the Irkutsk State Medical Institute in 1983. During his studies at the institute, he was involved in a scientific circle at the Department of Biology. For his research on the early stages of ectopic osteogenesis, he was awarded a 1st degree diploma from the USSR Ministry of Health in 1981. He has repeatedly spoken at scientific student conferences of various levels. Starting from his 3rd year, he was the Chairman of the Student Scientific Society of the Irkutsk State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. During this period, the Council of the SSS named after I.I. Mechnikov held annual final scientific student conferences, and published collections of scientific works of students of the institute. Two All-Russian scientific student conferences were held at the IGMI.
Then Seminsky I.Zh. studied in graduate school at the Department of Biology (1983-1986). In 1988, he defended his candidate's dissertation on the topic: "The influence of thyroid hormones on the structure of the aseptic inflammation focus" in the specialty "embryology, histology and cytology" at the dissertation council at the Research Institute of Human Morphology (Moscow).
The scientific publications of this period reflect the results of studying vascular and cellular reactions in the aseptic inflammation focus on an experimental model of hypo- and hyperthyroidism in outbred white rats. It was established that thyroid hormones participate in the regulation of inflammatory edema, increasing vascular permeability during the delayed phase of exudation. Thyroid hormones affect the ability of cells that implement inflammation to migrate, aggregate and perform specific synthesis, changing their energy status and, thus, regulating the severity of morphogenetic processes in the lesion (leukocyte shaft, fibroblast capsule). In general, both hypo- and hyperthyroidism lead to a prolongation of the inflammatory process due to a disruption in the energy supply of effector reactions of mast cells, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts in the lesion zone.
In the period from 1987 to 1998, I.Zh. Seminsky headed the Department of Electron Microscopy of the Central Research Laboratory of the Irkutsk State Medical University, combining this work with teaching medical biology. In 1991, he was awarded the title of Senior Researcher in the specialty "Embryology, Histology, and Cytology". During the same period, I.Zh. Seminsky headed the Council of Young Scientists of the University.
The electron microscopy method was just being introduced into the research complex of the Central Research Laboratory of the Irkutsk State Medical University, and therefore the department staff was constantly mastering new immuno- and cytochemical methods for studying the ultrastructure of human and animal cells. The department's work resulted in doctoral and candidate dissertations by university employees, in which electron microscopy was used.
Seminsky I. Zh., laboratory staff and university teachers conducted a series of scientific studies in several areas.
1. The importance of the glycinergic stress-limiting system in preventing stress-related damage to internal organs.
A concept is proposed that reveals the mechanisms of the anti-stress and stress-protective effect of glycine derivatives. Glycine-induced activation of central inhibitory mechanisms, caused both by the direct action of glycine and mediated through other stress-limiting systems, limits the excitation of the centers that determine the stress response. As a result, the release of releasing factors that release ACTH is inhibited and excitation of the adrenergic system is dampened, which in turn prevents an increase in the level of catecholamines and glucocorticoids acting on target organs. The experiment demonstrated a reliable decrease in alterative changes in the structure of internal organs during immobilization stress. Glycine derivatives that penetrate the blood-brain barrier have the strongest protective effect.
2. Cellular reactions and mechanisms of their regulation in the focus of experimental inflammation.
The patterns and mechanisms of interaction of cells implementing inflammation were studied on various experimental models of inflammatory processes. A methodical approach was developed to assess cellular reactions in the focus of inflammation, including a standard model of damage and a comprehensive quantitative analysis of the main morphological events, allowing for an objective comparative assessment of inflammatory processes of different etiologies. Peculiarities of cellular cooperation in aseptic, microbial, fungal, parasitic and other types of inflammatory processes have been revealed. Morphological criteria for the transition of acute inflammation to chronic have been established.
3. The role of cellular immunity in the pathogenesis of acute mesenteric ischemia and the prognostic value of its parameters in the outcome of the pathological process. It was found that experimental acute occlusion of the cranial mesenteric artery is accompanied by pronounced changes in the immune system, which is manifested by a decrease in the absolute number of lymphocytes, a change in the structure of their subpopulations, an increase in the content of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory interleukins with a predominant increase in the level of IL-6, IL -8, IL -10, a decrease in the content of apoptosis markers (sFas-L, sCD40) and tissue factor. At the same time, a pattern was revealed between a progressive decrease in the number of lymphocytes, an increase in pro-inflammatory interleukins, morphological changes in the intestinal wall and the duration of ischemia. The revealed patterns of changes in the lymphocyte subpopulation, interleukins dynamics, apoptosis markers (sCD40, sFas-L) and tissue factor under conditions of acute reversible mesenteric ischemia indicate a pronounced dysfunction in the body's immune system. The detected changes in parameters depending on the degree of intestinal ischemia expanded our understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease.
4. Protective effect of ademetionine, cytoflavin and dihydroquercetin in rats exposed to the toxic effect of sodium valproate.
A series of experiments showed that sodium valproate in a toxic dose has pronounced anxiogenic (anxiety) properties. This was confirmed in the "open field" setup and was manifested by the suppression of horizontal activity, a decrease in vertical activity, suppression of exploratory activity, and a change in the emotional activity of outbred white rats. The study of animal behavior in the elevated plus maze also indicates pronounced reactions of anxiety and fear. Preliminary administration of ademetionine, cytoflavin, and dihydroquercetin to animals in therapeutic doses partially neutralized these deviations in behavioral activity. It was also found that sodium valproate in a toxic dose leads to a statistically significant increase in the level of lipid peroxidation products and a decrease in the antioxidant protection of the glutathione system in the rat liver. Ademetionine, cytoflavin, and dihydroquercetin help restore the balance of the lipid peroxidation system and antioxidant protection in the rat liver under the toxic effect of sodium valproate. The most promising protective drug is ademetionine, since it most significantly reduces the concentration of diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde and increases the activity of the glutathione system.
5. Prognostic value of a complex of laboratory parameters of blood and gingival fluid in the pathogenesis of postoperative inflammation caused by the removal of the lower third molar.
As a result of the study, an increase in the level of proinflammatory cytokines - IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 was revealed in patients with a complicated course of the postoperative period of extraction of the lower third molar in comparison with patients with uncomplicated wound healing at a period of 24-48 hours after the intervention. At the same time, the level of anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as TNFα, both in uncomplicated and complicated postoperative periods, remains the same. In addition, in patients with local inflammatory complications that arose after the operation to remove a wisdom tooth of the lower jaw, a shift in the cytokine balance towards the proinflammatory side is observed after 24-48 hours, it significantly exceeds a similar indicator in patients without complications: 1.89 conventional units. units, with a relative norm of 0.9-1. Analysis of the level of individual cytokines and calculation of the cytokine balance in patients after the operation to remove the lower third molar in the early stages allows us to predict the nature of the healing of the tooth socket and timely carry out preventive treatment. Seminsky I.Zh. published more than one hundred and fifty scientific papers, including two monographs and two textbooks on inflammation and medical genetics. Under the supervision of I.Zh. Seminsky, 10 candidate dissertations were defended and two more dissertations are being written. For 15 years, I.Zh. Seminsky was the scientific director of the I.I. Mechnikov Student Scientific Society of the Irkutsk State Medical University. Since April 2006, I.Zh. Seminsky is the dean of the faculty of "Healthcare Management, Medical Law, Medical Biochemistry". With his direct participation, a new specialty, "medical biochemistry", was opened at Irkutsk State Medical University in 2006 to train future laboratory doctors, researchers and teachers. Since January 2011, I.Zh. Seminsky became the director of the newly formed Institute of Nursing Education. The institute includes two nursing departments: secondary and higher vocational education. In April 2018, the Institute of Nursing Education successfully passed state accreditation of all educational programs. From 2018 to 2023, I.Zh. Seminsky worked as the vice-rector for research at Irkutsk State Medical University. For many years, Igor Zhanovich has been a member of the Academic Council of the faculty and the University, the Dissertation Council.
