CURRENT AND PROSPECTIVE APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURIES

Relevance. Traumatic brain injury remains one of the leading causes of disability and mortality in modern society, while existing treatment methods demonstrate limited effectiveness in preventing the development of secondary brain damage and the occurrence of delayed neurological complications. The lack of drugs with a complex multitarget effect on the main pathogenetic mechanisms of traumatic brain injury necessitates the search for new therapeutic approaches.

Aim of the study: to analyze current and promising approaches to the treatment of the consequences of traumatic brain injury, to identify the most promising areas.

Methods: a systematic review of the scientific literature, analysis of the results of preclinical and clinical studies on the use of various therapeutic approaches in traumatic brain injury, including standard intensive care, experimental neuroprotective drugs and cell therapy.

Results: it was found that the standard existing therapy for the consequences of traumatic brain injury is aimed primarily at maintaining vital functions and controlling intracranial pressure, but does not affect the key mechanisms of secondary brain tissue damage. Most experimental neuroprotective drugs have not demonstrated significant clinical efficacy. One of the most promising approaches to stimulating brain tissue neuroprotection and preventing the development of its secondary damage after traumatic brain injury is therapy with stem cells or their secretion products. The secretome of mesenchymal stromal cells, containing a wide range of biologically active molecules and molecular complexes, has a unique ability to affect a wide range of pathogenetic mechanisms that occur after traumatic brain injury. Recent advances in molecular and cellular biology (in particular, obtaining cell lines with prolonged proliferative potential) open up opportunities for clinical translation of this technology.

Conclusion: existing therapy for the consequences of traumatic brain injury has limited effectiveness and does not allow for the prevention of delayed damage to brain tissue. One of the most promising approaches to preventing the development of undesirable consequences of traumatic brain injury is therapy with stem cells or products of their secretion.

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