bmjourBaikal Medical JournalБайкальский медицинский журнал2949-0715Irkutsk State Medical University10.57256/2949-0715-2022-1-24-32bmjour-28Research ArticleScientific literature reviewsНаучные обзоры литературыSELENIUM IN NANOFORM: TOXICITY AND SAFETYСЕЛЕН В НАНОФОРМЕ: ТОКСИЧНОСТЬ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-050XШурыгинаИрина АлександровнаShuryginaIrina A.

DSс. (Med.), professor

irinashurygina@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2540-4525ДреминаНаталья НиколаевнаDreminaNatalya N.

PhD. (Biol)

drema76@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0270-404XТруханИрина СергеевнаTrukhanIrina S.predel4@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5921-0318ШурыгинМихаил ГеннадьевичShuryginMichael G.mshurygin@gmail.comФГБНУ «Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии», ИркутскРоссияDeputy Director for research of Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and TraumatologyRussian FederationФГБНУ «Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии», ИркутскРоссияSenior Research Officer at the Laboratory of cell technologies and regenerative medicine of Irkutsk Scientific Center of Surgery and TraumatologyRussian FederationФГБНУ «Иркутский научный центр хирургии и травматологии», ИркутскRussian Federation202210122022112432Copyright © Shurygina I.А., Dremina N.Н., Trukhan I.С., Shurygin M.Г., 20222022Шурыгина И.А., Дремина Н.Н., Трухан И.С., Шурыгин М.Г.Shurygina I., Dremina N., Trukhan I., Shurygin M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.bmjour.ru/jour/article/view/28

The review is devoted to the toxicity and safety of nanosized forms of selenium. It is shown that in nature selenium exists mainly in the form of selenate (Se6+), selenite (Se4+), selenide (Se2–) and elemental selenium (Se0), while the latter is insoluble in aqueous media, less toxic and biologically inert. In the form of nanosized particles, elemental selenium is not only biocompatible, but also has antitumor and antimicrobial activity.

It has been shown that elemental selenium in the form of nanoparticles can modulate the activity of the antioxidant and detoxification systems. A dose-dependent effect of selenium in nanosized form has been demonstrated. It has been shown that at high concentrations (above 2 mg Se per kg of animal weight) selenium nanoparticles can cause the development of selenium-induced toxicity in mammals.

It has been shown that elemental selenium in the form of nanoparticles can affect immunoregulation, reproductive function, kidney and liver function, modulate the activity of the antioxidant and detoxification systems, and in high concentrations (above 2 mg Se per kg of animal weight) cause the development of selenium-induced toxicity both in mammals and fish. At the same time, for fish, it was shown that selenium nanoparticles are more toxic than inorganic selenium and cause a more acute reaction of the body to exposure to even low concentrations, possibly associated with hyperaccumulation of selenium in tissues, which once again reminds us of the need to take into account the problems of ecotoxicity of selenium nanocomposites.

Обзор посвящен обобщению данный о токсичности и безопасности применения наноразмерных форм селена. Показано, что в природе селен существует преимущественно в виде селената (Se6+), селенита (Se4+), селенида (Se2–) и элементарного селена (Se0), при этом последний нерастворим в водных средах, менее токсичен и биологически инертен. В виде наноразмерных частиц элементарный селен является не только биосовместимым, но и обладает противоопухолевой, антимикробной активностью.

Показано, что элементарный селен в форме наночастиц может модулировать активность антиоксидантной системы и системы детоксикации. Продемонстрирован дозозависимый эффект действия селена в наноразмерной форме. Показано, что в высоких концентрациях (выше 2 мг Se на кг веса животного) наночастицы селена способны вызывать развитие селен-индуцированной токсичности у млекопитающих.

Показано, что элементарный селен в форме наночастиц может влиять на иммунорегуляцию, репродуктивную функцию, работу почек и печени, модулировать активность антиоксидантной системы и системы детоксикации, а также в высоких концентрациях (выше 2 мг Se на кг веса животного) вызывать развитие селен-индуцированной токсичности как у млекопитающих, так и у рыб. При этом для последних было показано, что наночастицы селена являются более токсичными, чем неорганический селен, и вызывают более острую реакцию организма на воздействие даже низкими концентрациями, возможно связанную с гипераккумуляцией селена в тканях, что еще раз напоминает о необходимости учета проблем экотоксичности нанокомпозитов селена.

Наночастицы селенатоксичностьэкотоксичностьselenium nanoparticlestoxicityecotoxicity

The review is devoted to the toxicity and safety of nanosized forms of selenium. It is shown that in nature selenium exists mainly in the form of selenate (Se6+), selenite (Se4+), selenide (Se2–) and elemental selenium (Se0), while the latter is insoluble in aqueous media, less toxic and biologically inert. In the form of nanosized particles, elemental selenium is not only biocompatible, but also has antitumor and antimicrobial activity.

It has been shown that elemental selenium in the form of nanoparticles can modulate the activity of the antioxidant and detoxification systems. A dose-dependent effect of selenium in nanosized form has been demonstrated. It has been shown that at high concentrations (above 2 mg Se per kg of animal weight) selenium nanoparticles can cause the development of selenium-induced toxicity in mammals.

It has been shown that elemental selenium in the form of nanoparticles can affect immunoregulation, reproductive function, kidney and liver function, modulate the activity of the antioxidant and detoxification systems, and in high concentrations (above 2 mg Se per kg of animal weight) cause the development of selenium-induced toxicity both in mammals and fish. At the same time, for fish, it was shown that selenium nanoparticles are more toxic than inorganic selenium and cause a more acute reaction of the body to exposure to even low concentrations, possibly associated with hyperaccumulation of selenium in tissues, which once again reminds us of the need to take into account the problems of ecotoxicity of selenium nanocomposites.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.