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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bmjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Байкальский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Baikal Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-0715</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Irkutsk State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.57256/2949-0715-2023-2-77-86</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bmjour-68</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Лекции для студентов, ординаторов и аспирантов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Lectures for students, residents and postgraduates</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ НАСЛЕДСТВЕННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ (ЛЕКЦИЯ)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CLASSIFICATION OF HEREDITARY DISEASES (LECTURE)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7525-2657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачук</surname><given-names>Елена Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachuk</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">zdorowie38@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5982-3875</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семинский</surname><given-names>Игорь Жанович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seminsky</surname><given-names>Igor Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">i.seminskiy.2016@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО ИГМУ Минздрава России</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>77</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ткачук Е.А., Семинский И.Ж., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ткачук Е.А., Семинский И.Ж.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tkachuk E.A., Seminsky I.Z.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bmjour.ru/jour/article/view/68">https://www.bmjour.ru/jour/article/view/68</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Классификация наследственной патологии во многом определяет успешность диагностики и лечения генетически обусловленных болезней. В лекции представлены основные критерии классификации наследственной патологии, принятые в генетике. Выделены особенности распределения генетических заболеваний по типам наследования, уровню локализации мутаций, по органному и системному принципам, а также по биохимическому принципу. Даны пояснения о целесообразности группирования заболеваний по типам классификации. Показана связь классификаций с лечением и диагностикой наследственной патологии. По каждой группе классификаций приведены примеры наследственных синдромов и болезней.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Классификация наследственной патологии является важным ключом к диагностике, лечению и профилактике наследственных заболеваний. В настоящий момент в базе данных Менделевского наследования OMIM содержится информация о более чем 16 000 мутаций генов, определяющих наследственные синдромы (болезни), что на порядок больше, чем число известных нозологических форм соматических заболеваний. Классификация помогает практикующему врачу понять этиологию, патогенез, клинические проявления наследственных болезней и является  одним из важнейших этапов диагностики.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Relevance</title><p>Relevance. The classification of hereditary pathology largely determines the success of diagnosis and treatment of genetically determined diseases. The lecture presents the main criteria for the classification of hereditary pathology, adopted in genetics. The features of the distribution of genetic diseases according to the types of inheritance, the level of localization of mutations, according to organ and system principles, as well as according to the biochemical principle, are highlighted. Explanations are given on the expediency of grouping diseases according to the types of classification. The connection of classifications with the treatment and diagnosis of hereditary pathology is shown. For each group of classifications, examples of hereditary syndromes and diseases are given.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The classification of hereditary pathology is an important key to the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of hereditary diseases. At the moment, the OMIM Mendelian inheritance database contains information on more than 16,000 mutations of genes that determine hereditary syndromes (diseases), which is an order of magnitude more than the number of known nosological forms of somatic diseases. Classification helps the practitioner to understand the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations of hereditary diseases and is one of the most important diagnostic steps.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генетика</kwd><kwd>классификация в генетике</kwd><kwd>генные болезни</kwd><kwd>хромосомные болезни</kwd><kwd>многофакторные болезни</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genetics</kwd><kwd>classification in genetics</kwd><kwd>gene diseases</kwd><kwd>chromosomal diseases</kwd><kwd>multifactorial diseases</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика: национальное руководство. Под ред. Гинтер Е.К., Пузырева В.П., Куцева С.И. Москва:ГЭОТАР-Медиа;2022:896 [Medical genetics: national guidelines. Ed. Ginter E.K., Puzyrev V.P., Kutsev S.I. 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