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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bmjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Байкальский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Baikal Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-0715</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Irkutsk State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.57256/2949-0715-2025-4-4-76-82</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bmjour-339</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Клиническое наблюдение</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Clinical cases</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СЛУЧАЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ АУТОИММУННОГО ЭНЦЕФАЛИТА, АССОЦИИРОВАННОГО С АНТИТЕЛАМИ К NMDA-РЕЦЕПТОРАМ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CASE OF AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITIS ASSOCIATED WITH ANTI-NMDA RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6767-2480</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бендер</surname><given-names>Татьяна Борисовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bender</surname><given-names>Tatiana B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н, доцент кафедры нервных болезней</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Med.), assistant professor of the Department of Nervous Diseases</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gaponenko_21@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7836-5179</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быков</surname><given-names>Юрий Николаевич</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bykov</surname><given-names>Yury N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой нервных болезней </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Department of Nervous Diseases</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bykov1971@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5444-5086</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ильина</surname><given-names>Алена Борисовна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ilyina</surname><given-names>Alena. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>врач-неврог, заведующая психоневрологическим отделением</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>neurologist, Head of the Neuropsychiatric Department</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alenaiiilina@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Иркутский государственный медицинский университет, Иркутск</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Городская Ивано-Матренинская детская клиническая больница, Иркутск</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>City Ivano-Matreninskaya Children’s  Clinical Hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бендер Т.Б., Быков Ю.Н., Ильина А.Б., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бендер Т.Б., Быков Ю.Н., Ильина А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bender T., Bykov Y., Ilyina A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bmjour.ru/jour/article/view/339">https://www.bmjour.ru/jour/article/view/339</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Анти-NMDA-рецепторный энцефалит представляет собой аутоиммунное заболевание центральной нервной системы, характеризующееся выработкой антител к субъединице GluN1 NMDA-рецептора. Заболевание чаще встречается у детей и молодых женщин, нередко протекает с психотическими и судорожными проявлениями, имитируя вирусный энцефалит или острые психозы. Несмотря на редкость патологии, её своевременное распознавание имеет принципиальное значение, поскольку раннее начало иммунотерапии определяет благоприятный исход и снижает риск рецидивов.</p><p>Описание клинического случая. Представлен клинический случай 16-летней пациентки, госпитализированной с впервые возникшими генерализованными судорогами и изменением поведения. В анамнезе – постепенное развитие слабости, нарушений сна и эпизодов дезориентации. Первоначально предполагался постинфекционный энцефалит, однако результаты обследования не выявили инфекционного агента. Нейровизуализация показала двусторонние воспалительные изменения гиппокампов, а в цереброспинальной жидкости выявлены антитела к NMDA-рецепторам, что позволило установить диагноз анти-NMDA-рецепторного энцефалита. Проведён курс иммунотерапии, включавший пульс-терапию глюкокортикостероидами и внутривенного введения иммуноглобулина. На фоне лечения отмечено быстрое улучшение состояния с восстановлением когнитивных и двигательных функций, исчезновением судорог и нормализацией сна.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Данный случай иллюстрирует типичное течение анти-NMDA-рецепторного энцефалита у подростков и подчёркивает необходимость высокой клинической настороженности при сочетании психических нарушений и судорожного синдрома при отсутствии признаков инфекции. Опыт наблюдения подтверждает, что выявление антител к NMDA-рецепторам в цереброспинальной жидкости является решающим диагностическим критерием. Раннее начало иммунотерапии способствует полному восстановлению функций и предотвращает вероятный негативный исход. Комплексный междисциплинарный подход с участием невролога, психиатра и иммунолога обеспечивает оптимальные результаты лечения пациентов с аутоиммунным энцефалитом.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Background. Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system characterized by antibodies directed against the GluN1 subunit of the NMDA receptor. The disease most commonly affects children and young women and often presents with psychiatric and seizure manifestations that can mimic viral encephalitis or acute psychosis. Although considered rare, timely recognition is essential, as early initiation of immunotherapy is closely associated with favorable outcomes and reduced risk of relapse.</p></sec><sec><title>Case description</title><p>Case description. We report a clinical case of a 16-year-old female patient admitted with her first episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and marked behavioral changes. The medical history revealed a preceding two-week period of increasing fatigue, sleep disturbances, and episodes of disorientation. Initial clinical suspicion was postinfectious encephalitis; however, infectious causes were excluded after extensive testing. Brain MRI demonstrated bilateral inflammatory changes in the hippocampi, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed the presence of anti-NMDA receptor antibodies, confirming the diagnosis of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. The patient received immunotherapy, including high-dose intravenous corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. This resulted in a rapid clinical improvement with complete recovery of cognitive and motor functions, cessation of seizures, and normalization of sleep.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. This case illustrates the typical course of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in adolescents and emphasizes the need for high clinical vigilance in patients presenting with a combination of psychiatric symptoms and seizures without evidence of infection. Detection of antibodies to the NMDA receptor in cerebrospinal fluid remains the diagnostic gold standard. Early initiation of immunotherapy significantly improves functional outcomes and prevents fatal outcomes. A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach involving neurologists, psychiatrists, and immunologists is essential for the successful management of patients with autoimmune encephalitis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>анти-NMDA-рецепторный энцефалит</kwd><kwd>аутоиммунные энцефалиты</kwd><kwd>эпилептический приступ</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">нет</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Полонский Е.Л., Скулябин Д.И., Лапин С.В. и др. Полиморфизм аутоиммунного энцефалита. Анналы клинической и экспериментальной неврологии. 2019;13(2):79-90 [Polonskiy E.L., Skulyabin D.I., Lapin S.V. et al. Polymorphism of autoimmune encephalitis. 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