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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bmjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Байкальский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Baikal Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-0715</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Irkutsk State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.57256/2949-0715-2022-1-81-88</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bmjour-24</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Лекции для студентов, ординаторов и аспирантов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Lectures for students, residents and postgraduates</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>РОЛЬ ГЕНЕТИКИ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ МЕДИЦИНЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>THE ROLE OF GENETICS IN MODERN MEDICINE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7525-2657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачук</surname><given-names>Елена Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachuk</surname><given-names>Elena Anatolyevna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of medical sciences, associate professor, professor of the Department of Pathological Physiology and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education, Irkutsk State Medical University</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zdorowie38@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-0716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семинский</surname><given-names>Игорь Жанович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seminsky</surname><given-names>Igor Zhanovich</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>doctor of medical sciences, professor, vice-rector for scientific work, chief of the Department of Pathological Physiology and Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Irkutsk State Medical University</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">i.seminskiy.2016@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО ИГМУ Минздава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State Medical University,&#13;
Research Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВО ИГМУ Минздава РФ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Irkutsk State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>88</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ткачук Е.А., Семинский И.Ж., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ткачук Е.А., Семинский И.Ж.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tkachuk E.A., Seminsky I.Z.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bmjour.ru/jour/article/view/24">https://www.bmjour.ru/jour/article/view/24</self-uri><abstract><p>В лекции рассматривается роль современной генетики и ее значение для медицины. Определены цели генетики, ее структура. Показано, что современная медицинская генетика подразделяется на общую, генетику, клиническую генетику и лабораторную генетику. Также выделены такие направления генетики как геномика, молекулярная и биохимическая генетика, цитогенетика, иммуногенетика, генетика развития, онкогенетика и иммуногенетика, фармакогенетика, популяционная генетика, экологическая генетика, нутригенетика, токсигенетика. Отмечено, что около 20-40% пациентов клиник составляют пациенты с наследственной патологией. Раскрыты основные возможности современной генетики, такие как секвенирование генома человека, молекулярно-генетическая диагностика наследственной патологии, персонифицированная медицина, генетическая паспортизация, выявление генетических маркеров онкологических заболеваний, определение индивидуальной чувствительности к лекарственным препаратам методами фармакогенетики, генотерапия ранее неизлечимых заболеваний, биоинженерия в сфере медицины и редактирование генома. Затронуты вопросы биологического старения организма и возможности продления активного долголетия методами современной генетики. Сделаны выводы о необходимости внедрение в систему высшего медицинского образования знаний, умений и навыков в области пропедевтики клинической генетики, генетического тестирования, интерпретирования его результатов, лечения и профилактики с использованием методов современной генетики.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The lecture examines the role of modern genetics and its significance for medicine. The goals of genetics and its structure are determined. It is shown that modern medical genetics is divided into general genetics, clinical genetics and laboratory genetics. Also highlighted are such areas of genetics as genomics, molecular and biochemical genetics, cytogenetics, developmental genetics, oncogenetics and immunogenetics, pharmacogenetics, population genetics, ecological genetics, nutrigenetics, toxigenetics. It is noted that about 20-40% of clinic patients are patients with hereditary pathology. The main possibilities of modern genetics, such as sequencing of the human genome, molecular genetic diagnosis of hereditary pathology, personalized medicine, genetic certification, identification of genetic markers of oncological diseases, determination of individual sensitivity to drugs using pharmacogenetics methods, gene therapy of previously incurable diseases, bioengineering in the field of medicine and genome editing. The issues of biological aging of the body and the possibility of prolonging active longevity by the methods of modern genetics are touched upon. Conclusions are drawn about the need to introduce into the system of higher medical education knowledge, skills in the field of propaedeutics of clinical genetics, genetic testing, interpretation of its results, treatment and prevention using modern genetics methods.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>генетика</kwd><kwd>генотерапия</kwd><kwd>молекулярно-генетическая диагностика</kwd><kwd>редактирование генома.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>genetics</kwd><kwd>gene therapy</kwd><kwd>molecular genetic diagnostics</kwd><kwd>personalized medicine</kwd><kwd>genome editing</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Медицинская генетика: национальное руководство. Под ред. Гинтер Е.К., Пузырева В.П., Куцева С.И.. М.:ГЭОТАР-Медиа;2022:896 [Medical genetics: national guidelines. Ed. Ginter E.K., Puzyrev V.P., Kutsev S.I. 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