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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bmjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Байкальский медицинский журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Baikal Medical Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-0715</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Irkutsk State Medical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.57256/2949-0715-2023-4-85-94</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">bmjour-171</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Лекции для студентов, ординаторов и аспирантов</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Lectures for students, residents and postgraduates</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>СИНДРОМАЛЬНЫЙ ПОДХОД В ДИАГНОСТИКЕ НАСЛЕДСТВЕННЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ (ЛЕКЦИЯ)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>SYNDROMAL APPROACH IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF HEREDITARY DISEASES (LECTURE)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7525-2657</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ткачук</surname><given-names>Елена Анатольевна</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tkachuk</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">zdorowie38@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-0716</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семинский</surname><given-names>Игорь Жанович</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Seminsky</surname><given-names>Igor Zh.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">i.seminskiy.2016@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Иркутский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Medical University, Scientific Center for Problems of Family Health and Human Reproduction<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">ФГБОУ ВО Иркутский государственный медицинский университет Минздрава России<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Irkutsk State Medical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>85</fpage><lpage>94</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ткачук Е.А., Семинский И.Ж., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ткачук Е.А., Семинский И.Ж.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tkachuk E., Seminsky I.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.bmjour.ru/jour/article/view/171">https://www.bmjour.ru/jour/article/view/171</self-uri><abstract><p>Количество нозологических единиц наследственной патологии составляет по данным Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man около 16000 синдромов (и соответствующих им генов). Перед началом проведения уточняющей диагностики необходимо убедиться, что заболевание является генетически обусловленным, учитывая такие признаки как семейный и врожденных характер патологии, прогредиентное хроническое течение, множественность патологических изменений органов и систем, резистентность к известным методам терапии. Для эффективной диагностики необходимо провести оценку малых и больших аномалий развития, а также применить синдромальный подход. Синдромальный подход заключается в использовании для диагностики функциональных и анатомических синдромов, которые характерны для определенных наследственных заболеваний. Это позволяет сузить круг нозологий до применения лабораторных и инструментальных методов исследований, и наиболее точно сформулировать предварительный диагноз для ДНК-диагностики.</p><p>Заключение. Диагностика наследственной патологии является достаточно сложной проблемой ввиду того, что количество нозологических форм велико, а окончательный диагноз определяется с помощью дорогостоящей ДНК-диагностики. В связи с этим особую важность приобретает использование синдромального подхода в клинической диагностике.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The number of nosologic units of hereditary pathology is, according to Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, about 16,000 syndromes (and their corresponding genes). Before starting diagnostics, it is necessary to make sure that the disease is genetically determined, using such signs as the familial and congenital nature of the pathology, progressive chronic course, multiplicity of pathological changes in organs and systems, resistance to known meth-ods of therapy. For effective diagnosis, it is necessary to use the assessment of minor and major developmental anomalies, as well as a syndromic approach. The syndromic approach is used to diagnose functional and anatomical syndromes that accompany hereditary diseases. This allows you to narrow the range of diseases to the use of labora-tory and instrumental research methods, and most accurately formulate a preliminary diagnosis for DNA diagnostics.Diagnosis of hereditary pathology is a rather complex problem because the number of nosologic forms is large, and the final diagnosis is determined using expensive DNA diagnostics. In this regard, the possibility of using a syn-dromic approach in clinical diagnosis comes to the fore.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>синдромальная диагностика</kwd><kwd>наследственная патология</kwd><kwd>малые и большие аномалии развития</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>syndromic diagnosis</kwd><kwd>hereditary pathology</kwd><kwd>minor and major developmental anomalies</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 2023. URL: https://www.omim.org/help/copyright [accessed: 02.10.2023].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 2023. 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